Having visited the turning point of the Civil War, it seemed necessary to also visit the site of the bloodiest one day conflict, and to also see the town that saw the events which headed the nation towards Civil War and was a key strategic location for both the North and the South.
So, we started the final day of our field trip with a stop at Antietam National Battlefield.

The Battle of Antietam was the culmination of the Maryland Campaign of 1862, the first invasion of the North by Confederate General Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia. Over 23,000 lives were lost in that one day, and though the battle was tactically inconclusive, Lee withdrew his forces back to Virginia (ending this first campaign in the North) and it gave Lincoln enough confidence to announce his Emancipation Proclamation
Unfortunately, the museum was closed that day, so we took a quick look around the Visitors Center, looked out over the grounds,

decided against another car tour, and decided to move on to Harpers Ferry National Historic Park, where there would be more to see and do.
Indeed, there was too much to see and do at Harpers Ferry; we were only able to cover one small portion of it on this trip: the lower town. Some day we’ll have to return with plans to hike some of the ridges and explore more of the Civil War ruins that are still around.
Harpers Ferry is located at the intersection of Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland, and is located at the confluence of the Shenandoah and Potomac Rivers.

You’d be right if you thought that that created a recipe for a flood plain, and indeed, the town has flooded many times. Here, Clyde contemplates the height of the flood waters from various historic floods.

The lower part of the town is the National Historic Park, and was mostly deserted, making it seem a bit like a ghost town …

… which was a shame, as we really needed more people to witness the family in 1860s clothes.

Harpers Ferry is historically important for multiple reasons. It’s perhaps best known as the location of John Brown’s raid on the Federal Armory. John Brown was an abolitionist who planned to raid the armory at Harpers Ferry in order to arm rebellious slaves and strike terror amongst slave owners throughout the south. He ran into several problems, and ended up holed up in an engine house, which became known as John Brown’s fort.

President Buchanan sent a detachment of marines, led by Robert E. Lee, to Harpers Ferry to squash the rebellion, and John Brown was eventually hung for his treasonous actions against the government. Though the raid failed, it is commonly credited with escalating the tensions between slave and free states to ignite the War Between the States.
Once the war began, Harpers Ferry became an important and strategic location. It had witnessed the arrival of the first successful American railroad, and because of it’s location on the B&O Railroad, Union and Confederate troops moved through Harpers Ferry frequently. The town changed hands 8 times between 1861 and 1865.

One of Clyde’s favorite Civil War heroes is Stonewall Jackson, and he was thrilled to learn that Harpers Ferry was also the location of one of Jackson’s most decisive victories. In September 1862, Robert E. Lee led the confederate troops into his first invasion of the North, and he chose Jackson to lead the assault on Harpers Ferry.
On the morning of September 15, surrounded by a force twice the size of their own and out of long range artillery ammunition, the Union forces surrendered. Jackson captured over 12,500 Union troops at Harpers Ferry – the largest single capture of Federal forces during the entire war. The southern victory was short-lived, however, as the Battle of Antietam was to come two days later, and ended Robert E. Lee’s northern invasion.
With that, we were at the end of our time, and began our trip home. We’ll have to head south to visit sites for the end of the Civil War, but that’s for another trip.
